在学习英语的过程中，被动语态是一个不可忽视的语法重点，而强调句型则是让表达更具感染力的关键。将两者结合，不仅能够提升句子的灵活性，还能让语言更加生动有力。然而，许多学习者往往对被动语态的强调句型感到困惑，甚至在表达时容易出错。这篇文章将深入探讨如何掌握英语被动语态的强调句型，帮助你在实际运用中游刃有余。通过清晰的讲解和实用的例句，你将学会如何用强调句型突出被动语态的重点，从而让你的英语表达更加精准和地道。
一、什么是被动语态的强调句型？
被动语态的基本结构是“be动词 + 过去分词”，用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。而强调句型则通过特定的结构（如“It is/was…that…”）来突出句子的某一部分。将两者结合，被动语态的强调句型通常用于强调动作的承受者或动作本身，使句子更加有力。
例如：
- 普通被动句：The book was written by Mark.
- 强调句型：It was the book that was written by Mark.
在这个例子中，强调句型将“the book”作为重点，使句子更加突出。
二、被动语态强调句型的基本结构
被动语态的强调句型通常采用“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分”的结构。需要注意的是，“that”在大多数情况下都可以使用，而“who”仅用于强调人。
例如：
- It was the cake that was eaten by the children.
- It is the teacher who was praised by the students.
这种结构能够清晰地传达出句子的重点，避免歧义。
三、如何使用被动语态的强调句型？
- 强调动作的承受者
在被动语态中，动作的承受者通常是句子的主语。通过强调句型，可以进一步突出承受者的重要性。
例如：
- 普通被动句：The letter was sent by John.
- 强调句型：It was the letter that was sent by John.
这里，“the letter”被强调，成为句子的焦点。
- 强调动作本身
有时，我们需要强调动作而非承受者。此时，可以将动作的过去分词部分作为被强调的对象。
例如：
- 普通被动句：The house was built in 1990.
- 强调句型：It was in 1990 that the house was built.
通过强调“in 1990”，句子突出了时间的重要性。
- 强调动作的执行者
虽然被动语态通常不强调执行者，但在某些情况下，我们仍然可以通过强调句型突出执行者。
例如：
- 普通被动句：The project was completed by the team.
- 强调句型：It was by the team that the project was completed.
这里，“by the team”被强调，成为句子的重点。
四、被动语态强调句型的注意事项
- 时态的一致性
在强调句型中，“It is/was”的时态需要与句子的整体时态保持一致。
例如：
- It is the report that is being reviewed by the manager. （现在进行时）
- It was the report that was reviewed by the manager. （一般过去时）
避免过度使用
虽然强调句型可以让句子更有力，但过度使用会显得冗长和不自然。在实际表达中，应根据需要合理使用。
“that”与“who”的选择
当强调的对象是人时，可以使用“who”，但在大多数情况下，“that”是更通用的选择。
例如：
- It was the teacher who was praised by the students.
- It was the teacher that was praised by the students.
这两种表达都是正确的，但“who”更强调人的身份。
五、实际应用中的例子
- 商务场景
- 普通被动句：The contract was signed by the CEO.
- 强调句型：It was the contract that was signed by the CEO.
这种表达在商务沟通中能够突出合同的重要性。
- 学术写作
- 普通被动句：The experiment was conducted by the research team.
- 强调句型：It was by the research team that the experiment was conducted.
在学术写作中，强调句型的运用可以让研究的主体更加清晰。
- 日常对话
- 普通被动句：The cake was eaten by the kids.
- 强调句型：It was the cake that was eaten by the kids.
在日常对话中，强调句型可以让表达更加生动有趣。
六、常见错误与纠正
- 错误：强调句型与主动语态混淆
例如：It was the book that John wrote.
纠正：It was the book that was written by John.
在被动语态的强调句型中，动词必须使用被动形式。
- 错误：时态不一致
例如：It is the report that was reviewed by the manager.
纠正：It was the report that was reviewed by the manager.
强调句型中的时态必须与句子的整体时态一致。
- 错误：过度使用“who”
例如：It was the car who was repaired by the mechanic.
纠正：It was the car that was repaired by the mechanic.
当强调的对象是非人时，应使用“that”而非“who”。
七、练习与巩固
为了更好地掌握被动语态的强调句型，以下是一些练习题，供你巩固所学内容：
- 将以下句子改写为强调句型：
- The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
- The letter was delivered by the postman.
- 判断以下句子是否正确，并纠正错误：
- It is the house who was built in 1990.
- It was the cake that eaten by the children.
- 在以下场景中使用被动语态的强调句型：
- 你在会议上强调报告的重要性。
- 你在课堂上指出实验的成功归功于团队。
通过这些练习，你将能够更加熟练地运用被动语态的强调句型，提升你的英语表达能力。
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